3.01 American History - 1463 Words

03.01 Assignment In this lesson, you learned how the U.S. began to turn from isolation to imperialism. Complete the following written assignment to show your understanding of these changes. Select three events from the list of five given below - one showing isolationism, one showing intervention, and one showing imperialism . Using complete sentences, write one paragraph describing the event and explaining whether it should be categorized as isolationism, intervention, or imperialism. In a second paragraph, explain the reason for the U.S course of action in each event. The United States annexes Hawaii in 1900. At first missionaries and whalers were the first americans to settle in hawaii, and then american settlers started growing sugar to†¦show more content†¦During the same time, the Venezuelans also began to woo the support of the United States of America by appealing to that nation to support their claims. However, the United States, during that period, refused to become involved. Venezuela, itself, never diverted from its view that arbitration was the only means of settling the border dispute.†¨Despite its refusal to be involved in the issue in 1877, the policy of the United States by 1886 began to take a decisive turn when it offered advice to the British Government to solve the issue. By then, the United States had achieved great economic strength and international political stature, and many leading American politicians viewed their country as a major competitor to Great Britain in the field of international politics.†¨In 1895, Grover Cleveland, who was then serving a second term as President, realised that his administration was losing popularity especially among western and southern farmers and workers everywhere in the country. He and his Secretary of State, Richard Olney, in an attempt to divert attention from the domestic problems that faced the country, decided to adopt a vigorous foreign policy. They, therefore, agreed, inter alia, to support the Venezuelan side in the boundary dispute with Great Britain.†¨Through the efforts of the Cleveland administration, a resolution was introduced in theShow MoreRelatedEssay The Death Penalty: Cruel and Unusual1291 Words   |  6 Pagescoexist and live free within fair justice. Even though they excluded any religion to be part of the government regulations, they used Christianity to influence them and built a strong foundation for the new type of government. In a webpage of the history of death penalty they stated that they used the bible and pop ular teachings to create basic laws and form basic human rights that many religions would forbid death penalty such as; Catholics, Presbyterians, Quakers, Amish’s, and Mennonites. 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During the year 1945, the company was incorporated as a full American company through the tutelage of the United States government. Its market coverage is broadRead MoreCase Analysis : Coca Cola1932 Words   |  8 PagesTerry Columbia Southern University Strategic Management and Business Policy MBA 5101 Jon Crispin June 30, 2015 Case Analysis - Coca Cola Coca-Cola was the first cola in the United States and is also the top selling cola globally (About Us Coca-Cola History, para. 1). Coke was the only product that Coca Cola Corporation sold when it was first started, and now has other products that satisfy the different palates and concerns of consumers. Consumers don’t realize some of the products that are part ofRead MoreThe Initial Public Offering Process of Yahoo Corporation2221 Words   |  9 Pagesassets ratio. The company has revenue of 4.22 per share. Its diluted earnings per share ratio is 3.45. Currently, the company has a return on equity of 29.98%. 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I Was A Little Nervous - 1155 Words

Part One (329 words): I was a little nervous about not only trying to perform the Stunning Spell, but also having this spell cast upon me, due to the fact that it renders it’s victim unconscious. I also did not expect the effect to be instantaneous. Once my partner was ready and stood surrounded by cushions, I raised my wand and brought it back down in a quick slashing motion, â€Å"Stupefy!†. As a flash of blue light left my wand towards my partner, she immediately fell backwards onto the cushions. I found it quite difficult to focus on making the spell effective as I did not want to cause her any permanent harm, however, I found that just thinking about her becoming still was enough to get the spell to work this time, although I know that†¦show more content†¦I barely thought about how it would affect him before his arms and legs immediately snapped to his sides and he fell face-first into the pile of cushions. I must admit that I did laugh a little when I saw the look of frustration in his eyes. Part Two (209 words): Now we moved onto practicing the counters. Seeing as we had all tried the spells, we decided it was only fair that we all practiced the counters as well. First, one of my partners performed the Stunning Spell to our other partner and allowed me to practice the counter. Once our partner was on the ground, I pointed my wand straight at her chest and said â€Å"Rennervate†. As the bright red light shot from my wand, I kept focusing on her waking up and sitting up. After a few seconds she did just that, which I was thankful for as my focus was starting to waver a little. When it came to the Full Body Bind Curse Counter, I volunteered to be the one that needed it. I tried to fight the curse as it hit me, but there was no way to and I was on the floor in seconds. Laying there I heard one of my partners say â€Å"Petrificus Removere† and I could see his wand move in a clockwise motion before the golden mist started to wrap itself around me. I could feel my muscles start to relax from my toes upwards through my whole body until I was eventually able to move and sit up. Extra Credit (605 words): Walking into Hogsmeade to start my Christmas shopping with a few friends we couldn’t help but notice a rather

Rocky balboa free essay sample

Rocky Balboa is the fictional boxer created and played by Sylvester Stallone in the film Rocky. Rocky was a tremendous hit, winning the Academy Award as best picture. It’s a sequel of six movies. Rocky was born on July 7, 1948, . he quit school after the ninth grade. Up to 1975, Balboa was living in the slums of Kensington, Philadelphia. A small-time boxer who seems to be going nowhere in life, as he works day-in and day-out as a collector for a loan shark and fights in run down clubs for a low-paid reward, to which Rocky is mocked and told that hes nothing but a bum. But when heavyweight champion of the world Apollo Creed chooses Rocky at random as his opponent in a title fight, Rocky realizes he now has the chance to prove he is not worthless. Soon after proving himself, even with a split decision loss to Apollo, Rocky expects the good life to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Rocky balboa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He marries Adrian and begins spending the money he earned from the match. But after he fails at both endorsements and a series of low-wage jobs, Rocky realizes the only way he can survive is to begin boxing again. Apollo, on the other hand faces criticism from fans to overcome the fight. As a result, he taunts Rocky into a rematch, for which Rocky trains once again. In the fifteenth round, Rocky knocks Apollo to the ground. Both fighters struggle to get to their feet, but only Rocky is successful. For the first time, Rocky is declared the Heavyweight Champion of the World. After winning the heavyweight title, Rocky takes advantage of his newfound wealth and fame, appearing in multiple advertisements television programs, and enjoying being a celebrity. A new fighter from the USSR, Ivan Drago has emerged, and challenges Rocky to an exhibition match. During the fight Rocky takes the worst beating of his life, but refuses to fall, eventually winning knocking Ivan out with seconds left in the final round. In the aftermath of his fight with Ivan, Rocky is diagnosed with brain damage and is forced to retire from the ring. If that isn’t bad enough his money is all gone due to an unscrupulous accountant so, Rocky and his family end up back in there old neighborhood. He reopens the local gym and meets a guy named Tommy. He trains Tommy to box, soon after he follows right in Rocky’s footsteps rising to fame. The movie ends with Rocky opening a restaurant and discovers he has not lost his fighting spirit and considers an opportunity to prove himself in the ring again. Rocky does a great job fighting, and almost wins but loses to a split decision just like the first movie.

Rene Descartes The Proof for the Obvious. The Existence of the Truth Is Questioned

Believing fully, regardless of any scientific or logical means of proving the idea wrong is pretty much the basis of any faith. In a slight departure from arguing whether the Creator actually exists or is merely a figment of people’s imagination, Rene Descartes preferred touching upon the reasonability of faith, i.e., believing in God.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rene Descartes: The Proof for the Obvious. The Existence of the Truth Is Questioned specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Taking a closer look at the arguments that the philosopher offered, one can possibly figure out whether they make a completely coherent and logical string of ideas or if there are certain issues that slipped their attention. However, there is an even more interesting idea in Descartes’ Mediator’s train of thoughts, namely, the rejection of the ultimate truth. Descartes claims the following: Nevertheless, the belief that there is a God who is all powerful, and who created me, such as I am, has, for a long time, obtained steady possession of my mind. How, then, do I know that he has not arranged that there should be neither earth, nor sky, nor any extended thing, nor figure, nor magnitude, nor place, providing at the same time, however, for [the rise in me of the perceptions of all these objects, and] the persuasion that these do not exist otherwise than as I perceive them ? (Descartes) Hence, the fact that people perceive the everyday reality the only possible right way is questioned. To put it in a more simple language, one can no longer be one hundred percent sure that what people call a red color is truly red. Thus, not only the qualities, but also the existence of the elements of the everyday world is questioned. If stretched to its logical maximum, the given idea leads to the suggestion that the entire world is merely a figment of someone’s imagination. Even though Descartes argues the absurdity of the given idea by saying â€Å"I think, therefore, I exist† (â€Å"Cogito ergo sum† (Descartes)), it can be still argued that one’s thoughts are the exact proof of the existence of reality. According to Descartes, a single idea produced by a human being proves the fact of the existence. However, if pushing the question of reality as it is even further, one can suggest that the thought itself can actually be an element of a dream, like one of those fantastic dream sequences that people have. To put it simple, the thoughts and ideas that people have can actually be the part of someone else’s well-planned reality, like the elements of a strategy game. Therefore, it is clear that the arguments which Descartes offers are rather provocative. Even though they drive to the commonly known â€Å"I think; therefore, I exist† (Descartes), they still leave a lot of food for thoughts. Raising the question of whether the world is a reality or me rely a part of someone’s consciousness triggers a range of the most intriguing issues to discuss, such as what happens when the supposed dreamer wakes up or starts dreaming about another universe.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Intense and thought-provoking, the idea that the world might be not actually what people see it, but something quite different might seem absurdly plausible, may actually turn true. Vast and truly immense, a world is filled with riddles, and mistaking while tying to understand it is the only way to approach the truth. Works Cited Descartes, Rene, n.d., Meditations on First Philosophy. 28 Sept. 2012. https://oregonstate.edu/. This essay on Rene Descartes: The Proof for the Obvious. The Existence of the Truth Is Questioned was written and submitted by user Trevor Frye to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Life Of Ludwig Van Beethoven Essays - Ludwig Van Beethoven

The Life of Ludwig Van Beethoven The rise of Ludwig van Beethoven into the ranks of history's greatest composers was paralleled by and in some ways a consequence of his own personal tragedy and despair. Beginning in the late 1790's, the increasing buzzing and humming in his ears sent Beethoven into a panic, searching for a cure from doctor to doctor. By October 1802 he had written the Heiligenstadt Testament confessing the certainty of his growing deafness, his consequent despair, and suicidal considerations. Yet, despite the personal tragedy caused by the "infirmity in the one sense which ought to be more perfect in [him] than in others, a sense which [he] once possessed in the highest perfection, a perfection such as few in [his] profession enjoy," it also served as a motivating force in that it challenged him to try and conquer the fate that was handed him. He would not surrender to that "jealous demon, my wretched health" before proving to himself and the world the extent of his skill. Thus, faced with su!ch great impending loss, Beethoven, keeping faith in his art and ability, states in his Heiligenstadt Testament a promise of his greatness yet to be proven in the development of his heroic style. By about 1800, Beethoven was mastering the Viennese High-Classic style. Although the style had been first perfected by Mozart, Beethoven did extend it to some degree. He had unprecedently composed sonatas for the cello which in combination with the piano opened the era of the Classic-Romantic cello sonata. In addition, his sonatas for violin and piano became the cornerstone of the sonata duo repertory. His experimentation with additions to the standard forms likewise made it apparent that he had reached the limits of the high-Classic style. Having displayed the extended range of his piano writing he was also begining to forge a new voice for the violin. In 1800, Beethoven was additionally combining the sonata form with a full orchestra in his First Symphony, op. 2. In the arena of piano sonata, he had also gone beyond the three-movement design of Haydn and Mozart, applying sometimes the four-movement design reserved for symphonies and quartets through the addition of a minuet or scherzo. Having confidently proven the high-Classic phase of his sonata development with the "Grande Sonate," op. 22, Beethoven moved on to the fantasy sonata to allow himself freer expression. By 1802, he had evidently succeeded in mastering the high-Classic style within each of its major instrumental genres-the piano trio, string trio, string quartet and quintet, Classic piano concerto, duo sonata, piano sonata, and symphony. Having reached the end of the great Vienese tradition, he was then faced with either the unchallenging repetion of the tired style or going beyond it to new creations. At about the same time that Beethoven had exhausted the potentials of the high-Classic style, his increasing deafness landed him in a major cycle of depression, from which was to emerge his heroic period as exemplified in Symphony No. 3, op. 55 ("Eroica"). In Beethoven's Heiligenstadt Testament of October 1802, he reveals his malaise that was sending him to the edge of despair. He speaks of suicide in the same breath as a reluctance to die, expressing his helplessness against the inevitability of death. Having searched vainly for a cure, he seems to have lost all hope-"As the leaves of autumn fall and are withered-so likewise has my hope been blighted-I leave here-almost as I came- even the high courage-which often inspired me in the beautiful days of summer-has disappeared." There is somewhat of a parallel between his personal and professional life. He is at a dead end on both cases. There seems to be no more that he can do with the high-Classic style; his deafness seems poised inevitably to encumber and ultimately halt his musical career. However, despite it all, he reveals in the Testament a determination, though weak and exhausted, to carry on-"I would have ended my life-it was only my art that held me back. Ah, it seemed to me impossible to leave the world until I had brough forth all that I felt was within me. So I endured this wretched existence..." Realizing his own potential which he expressed earlier after the completion of the Second Symphony-"I am only a little satisfied with my previous works"-and in an 1801 letter-"I will seize Fate by the throat; it shall certainly not bend and crush me completely"- he decides to go on. At a time when Beethoven had reached the end of the musical challenge of the day, he also faced what seemed to him the end of hope in his

Free Essays on Leadership Of Jesus

Jesus Christ was the Son of God, born from a faithful virgin, who was given the power from the Holy Spirit. He was God in the flesh, only walking this earth for a short period of time, (about thirty years), (New American Bible). Being the leader of the Jewish people thousands of years ago, he glorified God in every way. Jesus was a Galilean, but traveled all over the Mediterranean area teaching and following the desires of God his father. He loved all but had twelve distinct friends and followers – the disciples, and three that he invested much of himself into – Peter, James, and John. Colossians 1:15 from The Message translation reads, â€Å"We look at this Son and see God’s original purpose in everything created† (Warren 171). The Bible tells us that God’s original plan for us was to be like Jesus (Warren 172). Jesus gave his followers a hope, and fulfilled his work on earth by being crucified for the sins of all. His death allowed the salvation of those willing, giving the opportunity to create a relationship with God. Hebrews 12:2 from the Living Bible says that his followers should, â€Å"Keep your eyes on Jesus, our leader and instructor. He was willing to die a shameful death on the cross because of the joy he knew would be his afterwards† (Warren 198). He was the â€Å"Great I am.† The book of John quotes Jesus stating who he was: the bread of life, the light of the world, the gate, the good shepard, the way and the truth and the life, the vine, and the son of God (The New American Bible 1146-1159). Jesus Christ w as loved and admired by many, however also persecuted and doubted by even more. But having the spirit of God with him, he persevered and is one of the most remembered and acknowledged leaders in all history. There are many aspects of Jesus’ leadership shown in the Relational Leadership Model. Komives says that â€Å"Relationships are the focal point of leadership† (Komives 68). Jesus built sev... Free Essays on Leadership Of Jesus Free Essays on Leadership Of Jesus Jesus Christ was the Son of God, born from a faithful virgin, who was given the power from the Holy Spirit. He was God in the flesh, only walking this earth for a short period of time, (about thirty years), (New American Bible). Being the leader of the Jewish people thousands of years ago, he glorified God in every way. Jesus was a Galilean, but traveled all over the Mediterranean area teaching and following the desires of God his father. He loved all but had twelve distinct friends and followers – the disciples, and three that he invested much of himself into – Peter, James, and John. Colossians 1:15 from The Message translation reads, â€Å"We look at this Son and see God’s original purpose in everything created† (Warren 171). The Bible tells us that God’s original plan for us was to be like Jesus (Warren 172). Jesus gave his followers a hope, and fulfilled his work on earth by being crucified for the sins of all. His death allowed the salvation of those willing, giving the opportunity to create a relationship with God. Hebrews 12:2 from the Living Bible says that his followers should, â€Å"Keep your eyes on Jesus, our leader and instructor. He was willing to die a shameful death on the cross because of the joy he knew would be his afterwards† (Warren 198). He was the â€Å"Great I am.† The book of John quotes Jesus stating who he was: the bread of life, the light of the world, the gate, the good shepard, the way and the truth and the life, the vine, and the son of God (The New American Bible 1146-1159). Jesus Christ w as loved and admired by many, however also persecuted and doubted by even more. But having the spirit of God with him, he persevered and is one of the most remembered and acknowledged leaders in all history. There are many aspects of Jesus’ leadership shown in the Relational Leadership Model. Komives says that â€Å"Relationships are the focal point of leadership† (Komives 68). Jesus built sev...

Retail Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail Law - Essay Example The UK law is applicable when selling or leasing goods or services, that are used by individual consumers, family or the household uses. Retailers are prohibited from applying dishonesty, misrepresentations or falsified operations and practices. This act ensures that goods and services sold to the customer are in good condition. On the other hand this act ensures that the retailers make sure that they receive goods from manufacturers or wholesales in good condition for them to sale to the end user. The laws in UK calls for the retail business person to affix a sign to the products sold or put a sign in a place which it can be easily be read by the buyer before he/she can purchase the product. The sign placed should be able to give details of return policy of the seller. If the seller fails to place a sign then, the consumer should be given 20 days in which he/she can return the purchase item and be fully refunded or credited back on his/her credit card. In case a buyer had paid using a cheque, then a seller may delay refunding the money for 10 days to allow the cheque to clear. This law do not apply to products which are outdated. Post season or reduced for sale clearance. It also does not cover special order purchases or buying that involves selling or leasing motor vehicles. This acts the consumer by giving him/her a chance to return items that malfunction back to retailers hence, not losing out. As, for the retailer it ensures that he/she also returns back the same goods to the manufacturer or wholesaler, he/she also do not lose out. (Department of Trade Industry, 2005) Bait and switch advertising This law is not used when the retailer clearly indicates that there are a few items that are available, in such a case then the advert must indicate the number of items offered for sale. The act protects the customer from buying an item based on an advert which is false. Thus ensures that goods advertised are same as sold. To the retailer this is good because he will only advertise what he exactly has. Recording credit card numbers on checks In this law the retailer can request the buyer or the customer to show his/her credit card and then the retailer can record the card insurer and the expiring date. In case a buyer refuses to show his/her card, the retailer then can reject to accept the check. This law does not apply when a retailer has accepted to cash checks as an after sale service for issuer's cardholders in case the issuer of the credit card has accepted to assure payment for its cardholder's checks, or if the buyer having the card do accepts his/her credit card numbers to be recorded on the check. This is a very important act that protects the consumer from fraudulent retailers who can use the consumer credit card number to obtain money with fraudulent. However, for the retailer it will also save him/her from customers who may want to get goods or service with fraudulent means for example, using expired credit card. Sale of goods by description This act defines the rights of the consumer to presume goods to "conform to contract" and the consumer can look for redress if the goods bought are found not to conform to the

Discuss and Evaluate the Role of Religion In the Formulation and Essay

Discuss and Evaluate the Role of Religion In the Formulation and Practice of Foreign Policy - Essay Example What are the potential for positive and negative outcomes of this? Do religious differences always result in war, or can differing countries unite to answer other needs? Religion is an important element in establishing identity, both for the individual, and nation states. However, sovereign states have a history of religious intolerance towards other religions, both within their domains, and with other nations. When you start making foreign policy based on religion, and particularly when it’s fuelled by religion based on absolute beliefs, you get some horrific results (Rappaport). The current differences in faiths becomes important when you consider that terms such as ‘Fundamentalist’ or ‘Crusaders’ are polemical terms which serve to label every member of that religious group as extremist and threatening: The term fundamentalism is used polemically to polarize the debate and eliminate the middle ground†¦little distinction is made among islamic tr aditionalists, neo traditionalists, radical and militant islamists, while liberal and reformist currents in Islam are ignored (Fundamentalism discourses: enemy images WAF).... Against Fundamentalisms) The 20th century demonstrated several clear examples of the difficulties posed by uniting religious belief with foreign policy, not least of all the Vatican's policy during World War II, which has been denounced as inadequate and even as actually favouring the Nazi's ( Manhattan, 171). There is also reference to "The conflicts between the Roman Church and the Freedoms of democracy" (Glenn Archer, quoted in Manhattan, 7). Sometimes the religious policies of a nation are in direct conflict with its own best interests, and the medieval histories of the Eastern European Bloc demonstrates: Constantly the battleground between the different Christian sects, and the mighty Muslim empire of the Ottoman's, Eastern Bloc states such as Yugoslavia, Romania and Hungary experienced not only external holy conflict, but internal as well. Religion is not just a state mechanism, but is also a personal belief of many World leaders, a fact which cannot be avoided when considering their foreign policy: Even in an ostensibly secular state the private religious convictions And concerns of foreign policy-makers can be crucial, even decisive Factors in shaping international relations (A. Rotter, quoted in Kirby, 3) These conflicts and difficulties can be demonstrated through three case studies. The first two shall concentrate upon religious conflicts between states within a certain time period: beginning with how foreign policy was affected by religious conflict during the reign of Henry VIII, and then considering how religion formed a part in the policies of the Cold War. This will culminate in a review of the religious troubles of the Eastern Bloc, looking at conflict in both the later middle ages and during the Bosnian War in the latter half of

Impact of customer loyalty programme on customer perception and Research Proposal

Impact of customer loyalty programme on customer perception and attitude towards hospitality brands - Research Proposal Example This study all about the positive aspects of the loyalty programs in today’s hospitality industry. The legendary question in the history of the business management is how to satisfy the customers. It is very obvious to understand that customer is the king in any business as the customers are the vital factor in the business that generates the revenue for the company. There are many kinds of customers for various kinds of industry but, for any industry it is very important to satisfy the customers mainly for the hospitality industry where the customer speaks the ultimate words. It is very important for the hospitality industry to think from the customers prospective. The customer’s perception and attitude towards the services provided by the hospitality industry are the vital factors. The customer loyalty programs are very much vital for this industry mainly for the hotels, in most of the hotels the loyalty programs run as these hotels want their customer to be happy and the lingering effect of the loyalty programs will get back the customers in the hotel in the near future . Through out the history of the customer relationship management it has been seen that, the business people have applied many ways to satisfy their customer. The customer loyalty programs have proven to be the most successful methods of satisfying the customers. The needs and wants of the customers are always changing as the time passing by. The main aim of the loyalty programs are to retain and win back the customers. The retention of a customer saves lots of money cost. There are several costs which can be saved and profits can be generated and they are 1: Acquisition cost: the cost of acquiring new customer, 2: Base profit: that is the difference between the price the customer pays and the company’s cost. 3: Revenue growth: a long term loyal customer gives long term revenue for the company. 4: Cost saving: A matured

Critical Success Factors Of Tesco Marketing Essay

Critical Success Factors Of Tesco Marketing Essay TESCO is one of the largest retailer companies in Europe and is the second largest in the global retailers ranked in the top three. TESCO was founded in 1924. Headquarters is located in British Hector Content Ford county. The first sales started with food, but along with the retail market environment change, TESCO company developed, grew, and went through innovation to meet each new opportunity, gradually extend to clothing, electrical appliances, customer financial services, also keep internet service telecommunications and other businesses. At present, there are a total of 2629 stores in the world (sells a total area of 4500 square feet). The stores are in 14 countries and regions, more than 500 million people patronage every day (according to www.uniqueworld.com.cn/view-484.html). TESCO hopes to be able to maintain their carbon missions make new buildings, they also want to make their business follow the way of the specific object this means that enterprise can put forward some specific business objectives to be achieved, so if they hope to within a year to play a certain profit targets, they must make a business plan or pattern can be aided by, in order to achieve their goals. 2.0 Company summary: 2.1 Companys Ownership The ownership of the Hymalls several partners, TESCO is owned by many people. This is due to; it is a public limited liability company or PLC. TESCO, the reason for this shareholding system is Tescos vast size. Because of its size it is difficult to raise enough money for TESCO if it is to belonged to a sole trader or partners in Plc. (like TESCO) company is the shareholders fund company. This happens when people buy the stock of the company to become shareholders. Sometimes this may look more attractive investment companies for their luxury have limited liability. Limited liability is when for instance, the company reaches bankruptcy or liquidation, the shareholders only lose whatever they invest in business. This is common in Plc. co., LTD. (private co., LTD.) unlimited liability applies to the soul traders and partnership, if one of the bankrupt, they may lose all their personal assets over it and capital investment. Mission: To create value for customers, make its lifetime loyalty. Our success depends on people shopping and the work of the company. Vision: TESCOs vision is especially easy to purchase the most valuable service customers; TESCO uses skills, business community, faithful and loyal employees and TESCO shareholders. Tesco is a growth, modern and innovative company, and wins the local and the global scope. TESCO objectives are: 1. To maximize sales and profit 2. To develop and maintain its position as Britains top retail company 3. TESCO aims to be better than their competitors and maintain market leadership 4. TESCO, the main purpose is to maximize profit 5. To provide goods/services cheaply and affordable for the consumers or the public. 3.0 Product: TESCO is in the food industry and food industry is quite powerful. TESCO does not only provide the food business but other non-food product that include electrical appliances, home entertainment products, daily necessities, kitchen supplies, in some of the largest shop even also provide white home appliance and furniture. Recently, TESCO is devoted to brand into the food industry, at present a lot of its large stores are reserve appliances, home entertainment products, toys, sports equipment, kitchen supplies, and even lighting products and decorations. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF TESCO: 4.0 SWOT analysis: 4.1 STRENGHTS: TESCO can sell shares in the stock exchange and this can raise more money, rather than other types of business. The shareholders in the stock market have limited liability and this means that they can only lose their money invested in TESCO, if it failed, they cannot be forced to sell their personal property. Goods are generally cheaper than other places and this makes TESCO a place where people usually prefer to buy goods. This in turn makes TESCO a big and strong financial competitor. Employee welfare is good and so is Management ability. 4. 2 WEAKNESSES: TESCO, does not provide you with an online discount while most of the other top companies do, provide almost as much as 20% so this brings about some thinking before purchase. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/2901824 4.3 OPPORTUNITIES: TESCO is able to increase its market share; TESCO is still an enviable position, can enter almost all of the markets and expect to have good performance. Management capability of Tesco can benefit it in the long run. Tesco can provide different ways of service and this can be advantageous 4.4 THREATS: TESCO have a lot of threats in Management capability, Goods price competition by other retailer companies and threats of new entrants into the market New technologies, service and ideals affect Tesco. The Product and self-brand should improve because if not, could cost the company. 5.0 PORTERS 5 FORCES ¼Ã… ¡ 5.1 Customers analysis ¼Ã… ¡ Keeping loyal customers TESCO must look after their customers they do so With low prices, this is because if TESCO low price will attract more Customers, because they spend less money on TESCO. TESCOs still maintain the customers satisfaction, and his mouth bigger, this is because when especially easy to purchase luxury store. Open the big store and then all under one roof this is convenient TESCO Customers are very busy, they just go to special TESCO and get everything they want to. (Lincoln, 2007), TESCO also maintain customer loyalty to they have a club card this system to encourage customers to buy more things, especially easy to buy and Receive. When the customer received enough points, and then they get coupons, they can use to TESCO .It is very conducive to purchase its easy to get a lot of customer loyalty 5.2 Suppliers analysis ¼Ã… ¡ Bargaining capability of the supplier is low. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What should point out is, suppliers tend to grocery retailers and are afraid of losing their business contract and large supermarket. Therefore, the position of the retailers easy to buy and AASDI, like, plug INCE to further strengthen the, negotiation is positive to obtain the price as low as possible from supplier. 5.3 Rivals ¼Ã… ¡ The intensity of competition in the grocery retail industry is very high. Faced with fierce competition, TESCO direct competitors, including ASDA plug INCE , Morrison and Ross, this is competing with each other, price, promotion products and intermittent. So it should be emphasized, ASDA is a key competitors in the field of market share growth of 16.6% to 16.8% during the fiscal year 2010/09, and plug INCE he display increased 16.1%, 15.8%, 11.6%, 11.3% and Morrison through the same period (European GRUPPO, 2010). The market growth refers to the growing market competition market competition; this is the threat especially easy to purchase market leadership position. 5.4 New entry ¼Ã… ¡ Threat, the new competitors into retail food industry low. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ need huge capital investment to obtain competitive power, the establishment of brand. The main brand, have captured the food retail market TESCO, ASDA, plug INCE and Morrison and they accounted for 80% of all shopping in Britain (the company, 2010). Therefore, the newcomers produce in a very low price and/or high quality, established his market value. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ get planning permission from the local government needs a lot of time and resources, and establish a new supermarket, this is quite a big obstacle new entrants 5.5 Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is very low because Tesco is a big company that buys goods from suppliers in large quantities and can therefore ask for cheaper prices from its suppliers and these suppliers can grant them this because of Tescos vast sixe and influence. 6.0 PEST analysis: TESCO is an International company. Therefore, it is affected by external factors such as political, economy, social and technology. 6.1 Political: All countries have different political views, regulations and laws. For example taxation and service charges and these will have big effect for company. 6.2 Economic: As different economics in different country, It will affect the companys sales performance. 6.3 Social: These are factors such as lifestyle, trends, consumer attitude and opinions. It is a lot of things will affect the sales performance. Even the media views and buying access can fall under this category. 6.4 Technology: One of the most important factors that affect big companies is Technological factors. Consumer buying technology means convenience is most important for the consumer. 7.0 Critical Success Factors 7.1 Competition analysis: TESCO, there are three main competitors plug INCE , ASDA and Morrison. The retail giant many chain stores and a collective can affect food market as a whole quality. However, the recent financial crisis that TESCO, under pressure, when the customers are seeking to reduce their cost switch to lidle, Asda and aldi supermarket cheaper alternative. Today, TESCO, with 273028 employees, is the UKs largest retailers; profit more than 2 billion pounds, including global sales, the domestic market share. In 2008, TESCO, become the worlds fourth largest retailers (Reuters News, 2008). Patterns: TESCO always corporate with local suppliers, and to share their TESCO relevant industry experience and technology. 7.2 Sales strategy The Power of Advertising and Public Relations by the use of media; newspapers and Journals. 7.3 Competitive edge: Price and service, most points are price and service. When I go shopping in TESCO, I find the service is better than other places and supermarkets. Moreover, I can accept the price so this makes sure I always buy something in TESCO. 8.0 Social-Economic impact to the host nation: TESCO has some positive impacts to the nations in which it operates. For example it provides many jobs because the people of the host nations are the ones that work in the supermarkets. The prices of goods in Tesco are affordable and cheaper compared to other retailers and shopping is convenient for the customer. Tesco also has some negative impacts to the host nations as well; Lack of private brands, and TESCO causes market monopoly and makes small shops profit weak and sometimes even close. The big company between very competitive. 9.0 WHOSE INTERESTS GOVERN BUSINESS ACTIVITY: Business activity is governed by people such as Stakeholders and Shareholders also. These people carry weight in company decisions because the company has to impress these people in order to succeed. For example the shareholders need to be shown that they are investing their money in a profitable business so as to not withdraw their funds from the business. Stakeholders such as the suppliers also need to be satisfied by many things such as the reputation of TESCO so as to be motivated to keep providing TESCO with products. 10.0 Conclusion: There are a lot of advantages in TESCO such as price competition and management opinion. However, there are some negatives that should improve. Examples of these are substantially the products, service style, brand effect, Sales ability and sales approach. ( 1936words)

Process of Creativity :: essays research papers

The Process of Creativity The following is taken from Duane and Sarah Preble’s ARTFORMS, 5th edition. Footnotes and endnotes are omitted for ease of reading. Erich Fromm said, Creativity is an Attitude. We all have the potential to be creative, yet most of us were not encouraged to develop our creativity. We can do so by becoming willing to explore new relationships and insights. The source of all art, science and technology --- in fact, all of human civilizations --- is creative imagination, or creative thinking. As scientist Albert Einstein declared, â€Å"Imagination is more important than knowledge.† What do we mean by this ability we call creativity? Psychologist Erich Fromm wrote: In talking about creativity, let us first consider its two possible meanings: Creativity in the sense of creating something new, something which can be seen or heard by others, such as a painting, a sculpture, a symphony, a poem, a novel, etc., or creativity as an attitude, which is the condition of any creation in the former sense but which can exist even though nothing new is created in the world of things†¦ What is creativity? The best general answer I can give is that creativity is the ability to see (or to be aware) and to respond. Creativity is as fundamental to experiencing and appreciating a work of art as it is to making one. Insightful seeing is itself a creative act; it requires open receptivity --- putting aside habitual modes of thought. Studies of creativity have described traits of people who have maintained or rediscovered the creative attitude. These include the abilities to: ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  wonder and be curious ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  be open to new experience ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  see the familiar from an unfamiliar point of view ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  take advantage of accidental events ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  make one thing out of another by shifting its function ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  generalize from particulars in order to see broad applications ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  synthesize, integrate and find order in disorder ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  be in touch with unconscious sources, yet be intensely conscious ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  know oneself, have the courage to be oneself in the face of opposition ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  be willing to take risks ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  be persistent: to work for long periods ---- perhaps years ---- in pursuit of a goal The creative process of ten begins when on is inspired by an idea or faced with a problem. It can start with something as simple as â€Å"fooling around.† There are as many ways to create as there are creative people, but creative processes generally have certain sequential characteristics in common: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preparation - Framing or formulating the question(s) may be the most important step; information is gathered and open-minded exploration takes place.

Marital Bliss

Have you ever sat down and thought about the evolution of marriage? If we take a quick look, It seems very unreal to say that marriage does and as changed over the last centuries. There was a time where married couples took the time to write love letters, there was a time where married couple took the time to go out. But as the world around us evolved, so did technology. As technology evolved, it became easier to do daily errands. But at the same time, it made us â€Å"lazar, which had an effect on those wow were married.No longer did marriage become meaningful. Nowadays everybody is focused on their phones and on looking at the ways other people live through social media. Being married in the 21st century often means having to deal with a vast majority of problems. With so many changes occurring around us constantly, it becomes hard to avoid the factors that affect us. Now, everyone seems to be focused on social media and about the life's of others rather than caring for each other . People are also sought up always being busy with work and errands.Another factor that affects marriage in the 21st century Is also the children, with ore and m ore marriages between people with different culture take place, It become very hard to raise a child If It the cultural aspects collapse. Yet, another reason why marriage In the 21 SST century doesn't work out s because people get married because they are afraid of being alone. Instead of marrying the ones they really love, they get engaged with the men they don't. USE SOURCE 2 Arguments begin to arise when couples no longer pay attention to each other.Often times the other partner begins to feel insecure about themselves or they may begin to question homeless if they are doing a good Job on being married. A new concept that has been introduced within marriage is called marital bliss. Marital bliss is the belief that marriages can be saved and worked out if they follow certain steps and rules in order to maintain happiness and peace. Like Renee Clouding Hanson, Ph. D. , said, If marriages are worked out together by both partners It will thrive but if not It will fall. 3) Certain ways to produce a marital bliss Is to have good communication, to listen to the partner, think It through before something Is said. The concept of marital bliss, Is n effective way of having a happy marriage, not only that but it can help save a marriages as well. Although this can be done, at the long run it depends f the married couple really want to be together or not. It is known relationships are not perfect and are not always effective. In life one is bound to have problems.Specifically, people have their differences and once they don't agree on something it builds a sense of inequalities and BLANK. It is said that problems are only meant to make two people stronger but for some other people, having arguments and inequalities destroy a relationship. Something that has been introduced to an engaged couple is prenuptial co ntracts. Prenuptial agreements Is defined as â€Å"a contract between two people who are about to marry regarding their respective property and support rights upon termination of the marriage by divorce or death, and sometimes regarding property rights during the marriage†. 1 Prenuptial agreement should definitely be allowed to consult upon marriage. As the had an agreement as to what will take place after the divorce, rather than having constant arguments. Thus this prenuptial agreement, is a good idea, it can also send message to married people that it is alright to become divorce if in fact they already have the aftermath settled. In reality, this prenuptial agreement should not affect a marriage if it is tee love that they have most each other.Should engaged couples be able to sign the prenuptial agreement? Yes they should because instead of people having a marital bliss, they should face reality and understand that not all marriages work out perfectly. And instead of hav ing a bigger problem once already divorced about the property, an agreement should be made before. If the love is real, then having sign the prenuptial agreement should not really affect the way the marriage works out. What is marital bliss?Becoming ignorant and not facing the real problems in front of you and conforming oneself with being happy. Should you experience inequality within a marriage? Inequality and arguments are something that should definitely be present in a marriage. Married people are not 100 percent the same, or share the same likes or dislikes and might even disagree in many things, so it is important to have inequalities with in a marriage and solve them after to only make the relationship stronger. What does it mean to choose a marriage partner in the 21st century?

How to Contact the Prime Minister of Canada by Email

How to Contact the Prime Minister of Canada by Email According to the Office of the Prime Minister: The Prime Minister greatly values the thoughts and suggestions of Canadians. Canadians may submit a letter or query online, send email, send a letter via post, fax or call the Office of the Prime Minister. Email pmpm.gc.ca Mailing Address Office of the Prime Minister80 Wellington StreetOttawa, ON K1A 0A2 Phone Number (613) 992-4211 Fax Number (613) 941-6900 Request for Birthday or Anniversary Greetings A Canadian may make a request online for a birthday, wedding anniversary or union greeting  from the prime minister, also this can be done via post or fax. The prime minister sends congratulatory certificates to Canadians celebrating significant birthdays, such as 65th birthdays and up, at 5-year intervals, as well as 100th birthdays and up. The Prime Minister sends congratulatory certificates to Canadians celebrating significant wedding anniversaries or anniversary of life together unions for 25th anniversaries and up, at 5-year intervals. Gifts for the Prime Minister and Family Many Canadians choose to offer gifts to the prime minister and family. The Office of the Prime Minister considers these as kind and generous gestures. Security regulations and the Federal Accountability Act passed in 2006 prevent and preclude the prime minister and family from accepting many gifts. All monetary gifts and gift certificates will be returned to the sender. Some items, such as perishable goods, cannot be accepted for security reasons.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Womens Suffrage Leader

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Women's Suffrage Leader Elizabeth Cady Stanton (November 12, 1815–October 26, 1902) was a leader, writer, and activist in the 19th-century womens suffrage movement. Stanton often worked with Susan B. Anthony as the theorist and writer, while Anthony was the public spokesperson. Fast Facts: Elizabeth Cady Stanton Known For: Stanton was a leader in the womens suffrage movement and theorist and writer who worked closely with Susan B. Anthony.Also Known As: E.C. StantonBorn: November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, New YorkParents: Margaret Livingston Cady and Daniel CadyDied: October 26, 1902 in New York, New YorkEducation: At home, the Johnstown Academy, and the Troy Female SeminaryPublished Works and Speeches:  Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments (co-drafted and amended), Solitude of Self, The Womens Bible (co-written), History of Womens Suffrage (co-written), Eighty Years and MoreAwards and Honors: Inducted into National Womens Hall of Fame (1973)Spouse: Henry Brewster StantonChildren: Daniel Cady Stanton, Henry Brewster Stanton, Jr., Gerrit Smith Stanton, Theodore Weld Stanton, Margaret Livingston Stanton, Harriet Eaton Stanton, and Robert Livingston StantonNotable Quote: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal. Early Life and Education Stanton was born in New York in 1815.  Her mother was Margaret Livingston and descended from Dutch, Scottish, and Canadian ancestors, including people who fought in the American Revolution. Her father was Daniel Cady, a descendant of early Irish and English colonists.  Daniel Cady was an attorney and judge. He served in the state assembly and in Congress. Elizabeth was among the younger siblings in the family, with one older brother and two older sisters living at the time of her birth (a sister and brother had died before her birth).  Two sisters and a brother followed. The only son of the family to survive to adulthood, Eleazar Cady, died at age 20. Her father was devastated by the loss of all his male heirs, and when young Elizabeth tried to console him, he said, I wish you were a boy.  This, she later said, motivated her to study and try to become the equal of any man. She was also influenced by her fathers attitude toward female clients.  As an attorney, he advised abused women to stay in their relationships because of legal barriers to divorce and to the control of property or wages after a divorce. Young Elizabeth studied at home and at the Johnstown Academy, and then was among the first generation of women to gain a higher education at the Troy Female Seminary, founded by Emma Willard. She experienced a religious conversion at school, influenced by the religious fervor of her time. But the experience left her fearful for her eternal salvation, and she had what was then called a nervous collapse. She later credited this with her lifelong distaste for most religions. Radicalization and Marriage Elizabeth may have been named for her mothers sister, Elizabeth Livingston Smith, who was the mother of Gerrit Smith.  Daniel and Margaret Cady were conservative Presbyterians, while cousin Gerrit Smith was a religious skeptic and abolitionist.  Young Elizabeth Cady stayed with the Smith family for some months in 1839, and it was there that she met Henry Brewster Stanton, known as an abolitionist speaker. Her father opposed their marriage because Stanton supported himself completely through the uncertain income of a traveling orator, working without pay for the American Anti-Slavery Society.  Even with her fathers opposition, Elizabeth Cady married abolitionist Henry Brewster Stanton in 1840.  By that time, shed already observed enough about the legal relationships between men and women to insist that the word obey be dropped from the ceremony. After the wedding, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her new husband departed for a trans-Atlantic voyage to England to attend the Worlds Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Both were appointed delegates of the American Anti-Slavery Society.  The convention denied official standing to women delegates, including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. When the Stantons returned home, Henry began to study law with his father-in-law.  Their family quickly grew.  Daniel Cady Stanton, Henry Brewster Stanton, and Gerrit Smith Stanton were already born by 1848; Elizabeth was the chief caregiver of them, and her husband was frequently absent with his reform work.  The Stantons moved to Seneca Falls, New York, in 1847. Womens Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott met again in 1848 and began planning for a womens rights convention to be held in Seneca Falls. That convention, including the Declaration of Sentiments written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and approved there, is credited with initiating the long struggle toward woman suffrage and womens rights. Stanton began writing frequently for womens rights, including advocating for womens property rights after marriage. After 1851, Stanton worked in close partnership with Susan B. Anthony. Stanton often served as the writer, since she needed to be home with her children, and Anthony was the strategist and public speaker in this effective working relationship. More children followed in the Stanton marriage, despite Anthonys eventual complaints that having these children was taking Stanton away from the important work of womens rights.  In 1851, Theodore Weld Stanton was born, then Margaret Livingston Stanton and Harriet Eaton Stanton. Robert Livingston Stanton, the youngest, was born in 1859. Stanton and Anthony continued to lobby in New York for womens rights, up until the Civil War. They won major reforms in 1860, including the right after divorce for a woman to have custody of her children and economic rights for married women and widows.  They were beginning to work for reform on New Yorks divorce laws when the Civil war began. Civil War Years and Beyond From 1862 to 1869, the Stantons lived in New York City and Brooklyn. During the Civil War, womens rights activity was largely stopped while the women who had been active in the movement worked in various ways first to support the war and then work for anti-slavery legislation after the war.   Elizabeth Cady Stanton  ran for Congress in 1866 in a bid to represent New Yorks 8th Congressional district. Women, including Stanton, were still not eligible to vote.  Stanton received 24 votes out of about 22,000 cast. Split Movement Stanton and Anthony proposed at the Anti-Slavery Society annual meeting in 1866 to form an organization that would focus on equality for women and African-Americans.  The American Equal Rights Association was the result, but it split apart in 1868 when some supported the 14th Amendment, which would establish rights for black males but would also add the word male to the Constitution for the first time, while others, including Stanton and Anthony, were determined to focus on female suffrage. Those who supported their stance founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and Stanton served as president. The rival American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) was founded by others, dividing the womens suffrage movement and its strategic vision for decades. During these years, Stanton, Anthony, and Matilda Joslyn Gage organized efforts from 1876 to 1884 to lobby Congress to pass a national woman suffrage amendment to the constitution.  Stanton also lectured for the traveling public programs known as the lyceum circuit from 1869 to 1880.  After 1880, she lived with her children, sometimes abroad. She continued to write prolifically, including her work with Anthony and Gage from 1876 through 1882 on the first two volumes of the History of Woman Suffrage. They published the third volume in 1886. In these years, Stanton cared for her aging husband until his death in 1887. Merger When the NWSA and the AWSA finally merged in 1890, Elizabeth Cady Stanton served as the president of the resulting National American Woman Suffrage Association.  She was critical of the direction of the movement despite serving as president, as it sought southern support by aligning with those who opposed any federal interference in state limits on voting rights justified more and more the womens right to vote by asserting womens superiority.  She spoke before Congress in 1892, on The Solitude of Self. She published her autobiography Eighty Years and More in 1895. She became more critical of religion, publishing with others in 1898 a controversial critique of womens treatment by religion, The Womans Bible. Controversy, especially over that publication, alienated many in the suffrage movement from Stanton, as the more conservative majority of suffrage activists were concerned that such skeptical free thought ideas might lose precious support for suffrage. Death Elizabeth Cady Stanton spent her last years in ill health, increasingly hampered in her movements. She was unable to see by 1899 and died in New York on October 26, 1902, nearly 20 years before the United States granted women the right to vote. Legacy While Elizabeth Cady Stanton is best known for her long contribution to the woman suffrage struggle, she was also active and effective in winning property rights for married women, equal guardianship of children, and liberalized divorce laws. These reforms made it possible for women to leave marriages that were abusive of the wife or the children. Sources â€Å"Elizabeth Cady Stanton.†Ã‚  National Womens History Museum.Ginzberg, Lori D. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life. Hill and Wang, 2010.

Retail industries of UK Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Retail industries of UK - Dissertation Example Despite of the fact that the UK economy was going through recession, but the overall sales of the industry had increased in 2009 as it reached a figure of over ?285billion. It has been estimated that this figure would further increase in the years to come. Also with the world economy and UK economy recovers itself from recession, retail industry would be one of the most beneficial industries as this would further increase the total revenue of the firms in the industry (The Scottish Government, 2010). By the end of 2010, the total retail units in the kingdom were approximately 286,000 (Arch, 2010). The food retail industry is an important industry for the UK economy as over the years it has been able to contribute a lot to GDP of the country. In addition to this, food retail industry is a significant one for United Kingdom economy as it has been able to consume considerable portion of the employment. According to a report, there are more than half a million people working in the indus try representing almost 13% of the total workforce of United Kingdom. Food retail industry consumed more than 12,750 permanent jobs throughout 2010 which represents an annual growth of 2.1% in the jobs of food retail industry from the year 2009 (The Scottish Government, 2010). ... The total sales of online retail industry equalled ?2.8 billion from Christmas 2009 to Christmas 2010 and they also found that there has been a growth of 44% in terms of time spent by respondents shopping online (Internet Retailer, 2011). Tesco is the market leader in the UK food retail industry for years and it has been dominating the market with market share of almost 31%. Tesco is also considered as the third largest retailer of the world in terms of revenue, after Wal-Mart and Carrefour. Tesco recorded total revenues in the year 2010 – 2011 were more than ?60 billion with a net profit of ?2.67 billion (Tesco, 2011) PROBLEM FORMULATION There are several firms in the food retail industry competing against each other on the basis of Price, Products, Promotions and Placement. However, among these four factors, price is the most dominant one. Consumers in the food retail industry are very much attracted and targeted by firms in the industry on the basis of cost and this is the reason why, most firms in the industry including Tesco and Asda have used Cost leadership strategy. This strategy has allowed firms to keep their overall costs low and thus offer the products at a lower price than the competing firms to the customers. With improvements in technology, the industry has been able to improve its sales because of e-retailing and the e-retailing has provided several opportunities for the firms in the industry to grow and expand their business as well as improve their market share. Also the response of consumers have been very positive towards e-retailing as shopping online is far more convenient, saves time and energy. Because online

Islam as a Way of Life in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Islam as a Way of Life in Britain - Essay Example The recent terrorist attacks have even more made them subdued and separated from other communities living in Britain. So an Islamic person's life has to follow more of a dreadful path in the current scenario and some of it is being analyzed here. The research is aimed at portraying the pathos and future prospects of the Muslims in Britain. The research provides a brief history of the religion; development of the religion in Britain; acceptance of British and effects and aftermaths of 7/11 terrorist attacks; the hatred among the British and the role of media and government in fuelling it is described. Finally, the research concludes providing view into the future prospects for Muslims in Britain. Islam emphasizes the unity of God. The religion of Islam imparts idol free worship. The number of people following Islam is increasing. Around 1.5 billion Muslims are believed to exist in this world. People who follow Islam are known as "Muslims". They have their own beliefs and follow Quran and the messengers of god. Prophets are also treated as servants of god. The name Islam is not derived from the name of a person, like other religions. This religion worships Allah and does not worship any other person separately. Allah is believed to be the creator who has created the other things. The main concept of Islam is to be kind towards every human and to be compassionate. Islam was found in the 7th century. Islam has its origin in Arabia. Most of the Muslims reside in the Asia. Muslims belong to countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh. Now they have been moving to almost all the countries and thus considered as the religion that is growing on a fast pace. Islam preaches every human is equal. They are firm that no human should be discriminated. (Joel & Soper 2005) The Holy book Quran encompasses several aspects of human life. It expects one to have the knowledge and must maintain a cordial relationship with fellow beings. As oneness is the mission of Islam, any Muslim is not afraid of any superstitions because they believe Allah is universal and thus he will exist at any place. There are five principles that every Muslim should follow. The first principle says having faith in God and the messengers are the main pillar of Islam. Prayers have to be done daily at five times, which is the second principle. Third law states they should observe fasting for a month, that month is known as "Ramadan". Fourth principle emphasizes on helping the poor and the needy. The last pillar explains that a Muslim must go on a pilgrimage trip to Mecca, which is considered to be the Holy place. (Joel & Soper 2005) Quran is considered as God's revelation. The meaning of Islam is obeying; any person following Islam must obey the principles and abide by them. Islamic policies decide how a Muslim should lead his life and the culture that has to be followed. Islam consists major categories namely, Sunny, Shiite. Mohammed's demise lead to this separation as two sub sects. The differences were regarding the leaders who they trust. People from Sunni; believe God is related with each and every individual. Shiites think there are separate clerics who impart the will of God. Development of Islam in Britain Islam had spread world while from the time of its existence. During the 8th century, Muslims had problems with the Isles of Britain. After this many people from Britain started travelling through the Islamic

Project management - Answering the case study Question Essay

Project management - Answering the case study Question - Essay Example The cost of each Windows 2000 workstation is $3000, where as that of Windows 2000 server is $12,000. The term labor cost refers to the cost that the employers incur in hiring incremental unit if labor. The labor cost is used for various purposes like judging the various cost levels of different labor classes (Triplett, 1983, p.4). It has been assumed that each one puts in 40 hrs per week, as per the problem. The rest of the data has been collected from the exhibit 7 & 8 of the case study. Number of hours was calculated by dividing the no. of days with 7(since there are 7 days in a week) and multiplying with 40. The critical path method is one of the several management techniques during a project planning. A project generally is made up of a number of individual activities. These activities can be divided into further activities while handling a complex web of activities. The CP model helps us to determine that how long a complex project might take for its successful completion. It also helps to identify the activities that are ‘critical’, which implies that the tasks that are important to be finished on time otherwise the project can be delayed. The tool also helps to determine whether one needs to speed up the project and for doing so which a cost effective way. This can be achieved by feeding in the data of cost of each activity and the cost of speeding up the activity in the critical path method. (Samuel L. Baker, para 1-3). According to Hiemstra (2000), the critical path analysis is logical sequence of the series of activities of a project in such a way that the most efficient route is determined. The tool helps in time management and helps the managers with sufficient information to take decisions regarding the project plan (para. 2). Planning is an important component of every project. Risk factors are always associated with project sing technology. These risks can be classified as schedule overruns, change in the technology and its

Project Manager Essay Example for Free

Project Manager Essay The main communication method they use is the telephone. This is because it is handy and convenient to use, and it is also fast. They use telephone for various reasons such as to arrange an appointment, to confirm orders, to book activities etc. The alternative method instead of using the telephone could be e-mail and letter, this way they can keep the letter for hard copy and evidence to confirm that they did arrange the appointment if there are any complications. The Fax machine is quite useful because it is fast and the letter can be kept for hard copy so there will be no need to type up any information. A meeting saves quite a lot of time and they get feedback from people immediately. Some information may be confidential so a certain method may need to be used such as face to face or letter, this way no confidential information is being leaked. There are different types of communication used because they need to know which type of communication to use for each purpose for example if its confidential they can either use telephone or letter so that no confidential information is being released out. And also if letter or email is being used, this can be kept for future reference and hard evidence for any purpose. Although there are some disadvantages of using the alternative methods, this is due to the confidentiality of information handling. Some information needs to remain or private in a company so a certain method has to be used. How information is collected, processed and stored All administrative staff play a key role in: Collecting information: whether it arrives in the mail, electronically, by telephone or is passed on by word of mouth. Processing information: inputting it, merging it with other information, sorting it, reorganising it, reproducing it or updating current records. Storing information: in filing systems and on computer. The main aspect of a storage system is so you can find things quickly and the items stored are kept in good condition. Information is processed when it is changed or converted in some way. It may be improved or may be prepared for a particular use such as notes from meetings, messages from telephones, sales figures that need to be input into a spreadsheet etc. These roles are important to the Business because it depends how well information has been organised and stored so that it can easily be accessed when it is needed. Every day, Businesses receive a vast amount of paperwork that is generated by organisations such as forms, fax messages, telephone messages, letters, memos reports and many more. So the administrative staff is responsible for the storage, processing and collecting these information in order to keep the constant flow of the Business going. Post arrives at the reception and then is sorted and stored separately by name in a little locker by the reception assistant, each locker is provided with a key so the administration assistant or the manager has to collect their post from their locker. After all the post is bought back to the department to be opened and read, they also have to do certain things such as processing and storing the type of information. For example: When they receive an invoice for the art and crafts equipment, the amount is processed onto spreadsheet on the computer by the administration assistant. This is because they need to record how much money is spent using the companys money. Then the assistant writes a number on top of the invoice to help keep all the invoices in order which is then kept in a box file then stacked on the shelf. When the cheque is made out, the same number as the invoice is also written on the top of the cheque so they know they match. Records of the young people who join the community are kept on a CD Rom. Their details are also kept in a lever arch file and are updated if any changes have been made. The lever arch file is then stacked on the shelf along with some other files. When an application form is received, it is read by the manager and details of that person are noted down and then the form is filed in a vertical filing cabinet. If the manager approves one or two forms, he then photocopies them and then the original copy is filed and the other is sent to the director. All other information such as catalogues and booklets from the suppliers of office organisations are stored in a tall cardboard box file and is kept on the shelf. Decision making Decisions are made every day within businesses. The Board of Directors makes the major decisions at GAZ and the Project Manager makes the simple decisions such as what equipment to buy.

Alcohol and Cigarette Advertisement Essay -- Advertising Marketing

Alcohol and Cigarettes Advertisement How would you feel if one of your family members or close friends told you they have a lung disease or cancer? According to a 1992 national household survey on alcohol, about 7.5% of the United States population (That is about 14 million Americans) abuse or are dependent on alcohol. Also, a recent 2004 Center for Disease Control (CDC) survey indicated that about 21% of US adults are current cigarette smokers. (That is about 44.5 million people).Let me repeat that. These numbers are from 2004. I’m guessing these numbers have increased in the last four years. These numbers are incredible since everyone realizes how damaging alcohol abuse and cigarette smoking can be. After reading a number of health articles as well as reading about horrible deaths caused by alcohol and cigarettes, I would not endorse these products to anyone. For any of you who know someone who smokes or drinks, you might want to tell them about the facts I’m going to tell you today because it might save their lives. Today I’d like to talk to you about first, why alcohol and cigarettes advertisement should be banned Second, I’m going to talk about the importance of the cigarette and alcohol problems in America, and finally, how people in society can benefit if the advertisements were not shown. Alcohol and cigarettes have killed a lot of people in the United States. The people who don’t die directly from drinking or smoking, end up having cancer or one of many diseases when they get older. Some long term effects of alcohol and cigarettes are permanent damage to vital organs, several types of cancers and brain damage. Bryan Curtis, a resident of St. Peterburg, started smoking at the age of 13, never thinking that 20 ye... ...Tourres. "France Ban on Internet Alcohol Advertising Hits Industry." Timesonline.co.uk. 9 Sept. 2008. 12 Nov. 2008. . "Cigarette Smoking." Cancer.org. 9 Nov. 2008 . Fuller, Richard K. "Alcoholism Treatment in the United States an Overview- some 14 million Americans Have an alcohol problem, treatment efforts are described." Findarticles.com. 12 Nov. 2008 . ""He Wanted you to Know"" Whyquit.com. 10 Nov. 2008. "Quotes About Alcohol and ADS." Frankwbaker.com. 12 Nov. 2008

Do You Agree to Redevelop a City

Do you agree to redevelop Lee Tong Street ? I do not agree to redevelop Lee Tong Street because of the following reasons . From the economic point of view , redevelop Lee Tong Street cause serious economic losses to the shop owners and the residents . First , after the redevelopment , the property prices will be increased . It will threaten the survival of the existing small shop owners . They concern about whether they will receive enough compensation to cover their losses . Some may not be able to afford the high rent and will be forced to close down .Second , the residents worry if they will receive enough compensation to purchase a flat of a similar size and whether their living conditions will be improved . Also , the tenants concern about whether they could be relocated in the same area and afford the increased rent in the future . Those stakeholders need to face a serious economic losses in the redevelopment of Lee Tung Street . From the social point of view , redevelopment of Lee Tung Street will bring a radical change for the local residents . First , after the redevelopment , Lee Tung Street will have many high-rise buildings .Because of the densely-packed high-rise buildings , the density will be increased . And the air pollution also will become more serious . Second , Lee Tung Street was originally a public space where residents could hang around and interact with each other freely . Communities could then be established . However , after these streets are redeveloped into shopping malls which belong to developers and are privately owned , people will no longer be entitled to the right to interact freely in these private areas .This hinders the formation of communities . The redevelopment bring many inconvenient to the society and the residents . P. 1 From the cultural point of view , redevelop Lee Tung Street will destroy the local cultural , Chinese traditional crafts and the traditional architectural . First , residents along Lee Tung Street mad e use of the buildings to establish a local printing industry . They used the front part of the building as their shops , while the back was used as the printing workshops .A cluster of wedding card printing shops soon sprang up and turned Lee Tung Street into a well-known print merchandising hub which is part of the collective memory of Hong Kong people . The local cultural will gradually vanish along with the redevelopment . Different traditional shops and food stalls will be replaced with monotonous chain stores and shops , undermining cultural diversity . Next , although the old buildings on Lee Tung Street are not of special historical value , very few of those buildings in the architectural style of the 50s and 60s are left .Destroy a cultural is easy , but establish a cultural is not a easy job . Redevelopment Lee Tung Street will destroy Hong Kong local cultural . Some people might assert that after the redevelopment of Lee Tung Street , it can has a better use of land for o thers sustainable development . And the better facilities can solve the poor hygiene and the pollution problems . However , after the redevelopment , the buildings will changed from mainly six-storey Chinese-styled tenement buildings to high-rise buildings . The residents will more and more .Then , the density of Lee Tung Street will much increased . Also , the redevelopment project include building new shopping malls . That means Lee Tung Street will become a tourist spot like Causeway Bay . As we all know , Causeway Bay ‘s air pollution problem is the most serious in Hong Kong . Are we going to forgo our environmental problem? Redevelop Lee Tung Street not only affect the local residents , but also all the Hong Kong people . The losses for redevelopment project are more than the benefits . Therefore , it is a wrong decision to redevelop Lee Tung Street . ( End )

Marketing Ppt

PROJECT REPORT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT GUIDED BY:PRESENTED BY: Prof. T. T. NIRANJANNITIN BANSAL 129278039 RANJAN SAHU 129278041 ROHIT MANGAL 129278053 SAURABH SINHA 129278057 Project Report On| | | | Taxonomy of Implementation Problems in VMI| | Contents Executive summary3 Introduction4 Under the typical business model:4 Vendor Managed Inventory model:4 Consignment Inventory:4 Vendor Managed Inventory and Stakeholder’s Challenges5 Challenges faced in implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory7 Analysis of Cases of implementing Vendor Managed Inventory9 Conclusion11 References12 Executive summaryThe goal of Vendor Managed Inventory is to provide a mutually beneficial relationship where both sides Customer and Vendor will be able to control the availability and flow of goods more smoothly and accurately. In  VMI  a manufacturer or distributor assumes the role of inventory planning for the customer. Extensive information sharing is required so that the manufacturer/distributor can maintain a high degree of visibility of its goods at the customer’s location. Instead of the customer reordering when its supply has been exhausted, the supplier is responsible for replenishing and stocking the customer at appropriate levels.Wal-Mart has mastered  VMI  and is the company against which many other organizations benchmark themselves. This report covers various issues that are to be considered to implement the Vendor Managed Inventory. It is realized in the report that several risks are to be considered while executing VMI. The proper analysis is done in seeking the scenarios where one issue becomes a key factor in deciding to implement VMI or not. Both Marketers and Distributors have their own issues to challenge the implementation of VMI. Focus of the report is to determine taxonomy of implementation problems in VMI.Introduction A means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributorâ€℠¢s inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributor’s inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. We can see the differences in maintain inventory as: Under the typical business model: When a distributor needs product, they place an order against a manufacturer. The distributor is in total control of the timing and size of the order being placed. The distributor maintains the inventory plan.Vendor Managed Inventory model: The manufacturer receives electronic data (usually via EDI or the internet) that tells him the distributor’s sales and stock levels. The manufacturer can view every item that the distributor carriers as well as true point of sale data. The manufacturer is responsible for creating and maintaining the inventory plan. Under VMI, the manufacturer generates the order*, not the distributor. *Note: VMI does not change the â€Å"ownership† of inventory. It remains as it did prior to VMI. Consignment Inventory:When the supplier places inventory at a customer’s location and retains ownership of the inventory. Payment is not made until the item is actually sold. A VMI relationship may or may not involve consignment inventory. Vendor Managed Inventory and Stakeholder’s Challenges Vendor Managed Inventory primarily have various stakeholder’s involved which includes Vendor/Manufacturer or distributor and retailer. Let us examine challenges faced by each: Challenges in VMI Implementation from vendor’s side High administrative costs: – Suppliers would have to face higher administrative costs.They will have to allocate additional staff resources to properly manage the replenishment activities that were previously managed by the retailer. So to overcome these additional costs, vendors must have to save enough money from the inventory costs and sufficient sales volumes and gross margins Loss of market share due to less shelf coverage: – VMI would help in reducin g the inventory which could lead to the less coverage of the shelf space on the retailer’s shop which might lead to the reduction in the market share for that product.To resolve this issue, vendor can provide more stock keeping units of the same product to fill the shelf space and to maintain the market share. Challenges in VMI Implementation from retailer’s side Loss of Control: – If VMI is implemented, then there is always a fear in the mind of the retailer that he would loose his control over the operations management. All the decisions like when to order, how much to keep as inventory and when to sell the product would be managed by the vendor now which can also have some impact on the profit margin of the retailer.Eg. In many cases, Vendor gives discounts to the retailer if they buy in bulk and hence above mentioned questions become crucial for the retailer from financial point of view. In case of products with high shelf life, he might want to order in bul k once, instead of ordering in small lots. Danger of being replaced: – Retailer would be afraid that after implementing of VMI, when almost all the operations management related decisions are taken by the vendor, then the vendor might also think of forward integrating.Hence he would not be fully cooperative in sharing of the data and he would always try to make his presence felt in decision making to show the importance of his role. Fear of losing other vendors: – The retailer would be afraid of losing other vendors, since in the FMCG business; retailers get products from a lot of vendors to maintain variety for the customers. It would be difficult to choose the vendor who will manage the inventory, because the same vendor would be biased towards his products.This would lead to the development of bad relationship between the retailer and the other vendors. After implementation of VMI, forecasting of demand is done by the manufacturer, not by the retailers or distributo rs and it might hit back, if manufacturer is not competent in judging the patterns of the consumer demand. Challenges faced in implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory Personal Factors Trust: – One of the most important factors which can contribute to the success of the VMI is trust and good relationship between the vendor and the downstream retailer.But in the FMCG sector, where there are a lot of products in the same segment, most of the retailers are unwilling to share their data related to their sales with anyone, even with their supplier. This leads to the ineffective communication between them and both have to incur huge inventory and management costs. Work ethics and cultural differences: – Each company has its set of work ethics and work culture and if the difference is huge for a vendor and the retailer, then their decisions would not be aligned. Technical IssuesTechnology is one of the most critical factors in facilitating the implementation of VMI which ca n also stand as a challenge in the implementation of VMI. A lot of technical systems would have to be installed for the effective working of the VMI. Some of the technical solutions that can facilitate an effective VMI arrangement include: †¢ Electronic data exchange (EDI). EDI transactions can enable suppliers to efficiently manage customer inventory levels remotely. †¢ Replenishment software. These applications allow customers to accurately assess projected service levels (i. . the percentage of requests that can be filled from stock) based on various inventory investments. †¢ Bar coding or radio frequency identification (RFID). These technologies â€Å"tag† products for tracking purposes and can dramatically improve the speed and integrity of the collection and reporting of consumption data. †¢ Forecasting software. These applications gather and analyze information from sales, accounting, order entry, and other business systems, using sophisticated algo rithms and predictive modeling techniques to generate fast, accurate demand forecasts.Investment- A lot of investment would be required to install and maintain any of these systems. Properly equipped manpower would be required to operate these tools. Investment would also be required to integrate these tools with each other for efficient functioning of the VMI operations. All this cost would have to be incurred by the vendor and to compensate this cost, he must get returns from the efficient inventory management and higher sales volume due to less stock-outs. Testing- It requires a lot of time and money in testing the various VMI systems after installing them.An extensive testing has to be done for the EDI system before giving it a final green flag for the VMI system. Analysis of Cases of implementing Vendor Managed Inventory Let’s discuss some cases where VMI is implemented: Barilla Spa Case Barilla is largest manufacturer of â€Å"fresh† and â€Å"dry† pasta p roducts with more than 1000 SKUs. It has sales of around $2B and very stable demand at retail level. Challenges it was facing are as under: Retailers didn’t have large inventories to accommodate new products introduced from time to time.Stock outs are quiet frequent at DO’s. Thin margins for both manufacturers and retailers are adding to the problem. Solution offered through VMI: Downstream distribution Center (DC) reports inventory and sales data electronically to Barilla on a daily basis. Barilla is managing the inventory of DC and decides how much to ship to them. According to  Industry Week's Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile, 56% of the top 25 plants between 2002 and 2006 have used â€Å"resident suppliers† to manage or replenish inventory.However, the average percentage of purchased materials and components (dollar volume) managed by on-site suppliers is only 13. 7%. So, it seems, there is a time and place for vendor-managed inventory. For example, if you've got an expensive manufacturing line and you ask one of your key suppliers to put in the systems and develop the expertise to supply the goods you need on a just-in-time basis, they will do that if they receive a significant portion of their revenues from you, says Steve Banker, service director of supply chain management at ARC Advisory Group, Dedham, Mass. However, you may have a lot of suppliers where you are only 1% of their total revenue — you are not their biggest priority,† Banker says. â€Å"The chances that they will take on added responsibility and costs to manage your inventory is low. † So we can see that size of the business does matter in determining the feasibility of implementing VMI.In addition, there is a certain amount of IT integration that has to go on in order to make the VMI relationship work. For suppliers, they need to be able to get your forecasts on a regular basis, make intelligence out of them and have visibility into your inve ntory levels on an ongoing basis,† says Banker. â€Å"Turning that into useable intelligence is kind of difficult. Small and midsized companies often don't have the dedicated IT resources to make that happen, so they struggle. † â€Å"Resident Suppliers† Manage/Replenish Inventory (% Of Plants) Year| No| Yes| 2002| 44| 56| 2003| 52| 48| 2004| 48| 52| 2005| 32| 68| 2006| 44| 56| 2002-2006| 44| 56| Source: Industry Week's Best Plants 2006 Statistical ProfilePercentage Of Purchased Materials And Components (Dollar Volume) Managed By On-Site Suppliers Year| Median| Mean| Minimum| Maximum| 2002| 5. 0| 24. 4| 0. 0| 100. 0| 2003| 0. 0| 12. 2| 0. 0| 100. 0| 2004| 4. 0| 15. 2| 0. 0| 70. 0| 2005| 6. 0| 13. 8| 0. 0| 67. 0| 2006| 4. 2| 15. 1| 0. 0| 95. 0| 2002-2006| 3. 0| 13. 7| 0. 0| 100. 0| Source: Industry Week's Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile Similarly, we have case of P&G which successfully employed Vendor managed Inventory while ODLO isn’t so successful in implementing the same.Also companies like RUAG aren’t having any financial or strategic benefit out of implementing VMI and hence didn’t go for it. If we analyze the sector in which they operates we come to know, RUAG which is in Airlines sector involves comparatively simpler inventory to maintain while the risk involved in giving away the details was higher. On the other hand, with the scale of business P&G is in, it is beneficial for both manufacturer (vendor) as well as distributor (or Retailer) to implement VMI. It can be seen both scale and sector favors P&G.GRENDENE, one of the world's largest footwear manufacturers, implemented Agentrics' Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and aligned its product replenishment process with the real demand of regional distributors/customers, thus increasing service level, optimizing stocks and boosting sales. ACHIEVED RESULTS: Increase of accuracy in sales forecasts; Increase of sales by 47% for participating retailers; Imp roved management of a product mix, by reducing or discontinuing low-performance and low-turnover products;   Streamlined replenishment of high-performance products;Excellent overall result with customers using the solution. VONPAR With Agentrics' VMI solution, acquired a full, web-based supply chain KPI tool. Vonpar Refrescos, Brazil's fourth largest Coca-Cola bottling company with products reaching 14 million consumers, implemented Agentrics' Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and with it acquired a complete web-based KPI tool. KPI's track internal and client stock levels, demand planning, order administration, as well as automation of Vonpar's product replenishment process, improving service and optimizing stock levels, while improving customer relationships.ACHIEVED RESULTS : Average sales increase of 26 percent in the first 12 months after the solution's implementation; Significant increase in sales of juices, tea and beer, which reflects improved stock planning for great er availability of products at store level; Maximized speed in the exchange of sales information at store level; Stock optimization allowing Vonpar to have the right product at the right time in the right place; Commercial team freed up to focus on avoiding out-of-stocks. SYNGENTA Implemented Agentrics' VMI solution to manage stock jointly with its suppliers.Syngenta, a world-leading agri-business committed to sustainable agriculture through innovative research and technology, implemented Agentrics' Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution to manage stock in conjunction with its suppliers ACHIEVED RESULTS: Reduction of communication errors through process automation and visibility to inventories. â€Å"Today, our customers say that for the first time in the agricultural market, a company is able to co-manage inventory demand like large retail chains,† says Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. NeoGrid has a solution that perfectly suits our business model; Syngenta did not have to adapt to the tool, as the solution metall our needs. † Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. Conclusion The main purpose of this report is to highlight the taxonomy of implementation problems in VMI. From the cases visited, we can deduce that various factors play key roles in determining whether to go for Vendor Managed Inventory as there are lot of issues and cost involved in implementing the same.Size of the business, Sector of the business in operation, inter-relationship among stakeholders all plays equally important role in the actual decision making. Though there is no clear cut understanding on whether to implement VMI or not but one can easily concur with increasing role of technology and with dynamic demand it is only going to rise.References Williams, M. (1998). Making Consignment and Vendor-Managed Inventory Work For You. APICSInternational Conference. Schreibfeder, J. (1997). Vendor Managed Inventory: there’s more to it than just sell products. Effective In ventory. com Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment Committee. (1998)  Jointly Managed Inventory Approach Provides a Lower Level of Detail. CPFR. Org http://www. scm. ethz. ch/publications/Practitioner_publications/Niranjan_etal_2011_Are_you_ready_for_VMI. pdf http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? articleid=1620974;show=abstract http://openarchive. cbs. dk/handle/10398/8229 http://www. supplyon. com/vendor-managed-inventory_at_zf. html http://www. industryweek. com/procurement/vendor-managed-inventory-size-matters